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21 July 2020
Martin king

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 The Ashmolean is the University of Oxford’s museum of art and archaeology, founded in 1683. Our world famous collections range from Egyptian mummies to contemporary art, telling human stories across cultures and across time.        

Through a selection of highlights from our collection, explore the visual richness and technical sophistication of 18th- and 19th-century Greek embroideries, as well as their debt to the many artistic traditions that flourished around the Mediterranean.

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The Alfred Jewel is a masterpiece of goldsmith's work formed around a tear-shaped slice of rock crystal. Its inscription: AELFRED MEC HEHT GEWYRCAN – 'Alfred ordered me to be made’ – connects the jewel with King Alfred the Great (r. 871–899) making it among the most significant of royal relics. 

Alfred ruled the southern Anglo-Saxon kingdom of Wessex and is famous for opposing the Vikings and unifying southern England. He is also credited with being a learned man, commissioning translations of religious texts from Latin into Anglo-Saxon. Some of these manuscripts were distributed throughout his kingdom and were accompanied by aestels, or pointers, used to follow the text. It is thought that the Alfred Jewel may be one of these aestels. The dragon-like head at the base of the jewel holds in its mouth a cylindrical socket, within which the actual pointer – perhaps made of ivory – would have been held in place by a rivet. The figure represented in delicate colours in cloisonné enamel on a plaque protected by the rock crystal may represent the sense of sight, an appropriate image for an object intended to help with reading.

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The jewel was ploughed up in a field at North Petherton, Somerset, in 1693. The site is only a few miles from Athelney Abbey, the stronghold in the marshes from which Alfred launched his counter-attack on the Great Army of the Vikings. This ultimately led to his crucial military victory at Edington in 878 and the expansion of his authority across the southern half of England.

This small decorated gold-foil disc was found in 1669 at Ballyshannon, Ireland, by men looking for a place described in an old Irish song where 'a man of a gigantick stature' was buried with gold ornaments. The discovery is recorded in the 1695 edition of Camden's Britannia (first published in 1586), the first major regional account of the history and antiquities of Britain and Ireland. 

The disc is made of a thin sheet of beaten gold, and has raised decoration (repoussé) of a cross-shape surrounded by circles and geometric patterns. Objects such as this are known as 'sun-discs' and are one of the earliest forms of sheet gold-work found in Britain and Ireland, dating to around 2500-2150 BC. They often have a central perforation and it is likely that they were probably attached to a backing, and may have been worn on clothing such as a button cover or spangle. They are often found singly or in pairs in burials.

This is one of a pair of two very similar discs that were recorded as being found at Ballyshannon. This disc was donated to the Ashmolean in 1696, but the fate of the other is unknown.

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Guy Fawkes is said to have been carrying this iron lantern when he was arrested in the cellars underneath the Houses of Parliament on the night of 4–5 November 1605. Fawkes and his conspirators planned to ignite barrels of gunpowder concealed under firewood in the cellar during the state opening of Parliament when the King, Commons and Lords would all have been present in the Lords’ Chamber – the aim of the ‘Gunpowder Plot’ being to blow up the chamber and kill the Protestant King James I. Thanks to an anonymous warning, the cellars were searched, Fawkes was discovered and the plot failed.

The lantern was given to the University of Oxford by Robert Heywood who had been a Proctor – an official responsible for ensuring the rules of the University are observed. His brother, Peter Heywood, had accompanied Sir Thomas Knyvett, Keeper of Whitehall Palace, in his fateful search of the cellars and is credited with taking the lantern from Guy Fawkes during the initial struggle and preventing him from detonating the gunpowder. The lantern seems to have been passed to Robert sometime after an assassination attempt in 1640 left Peter mortally wounded. Robert then passed the lantern to the University in 1641. For many years it was on display in the Bodleian Library’s Picture Gallery but was transferred to the Ashmolean in 1887 as part of a reorganisation of the University’s collections.

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Most of us are used to looking at art for short amount of time, in passing.

‘Slow Art’ was created to encourage us all to look at art for a little longer, in the hope that we not only see more, but also get to know the works in greater detail. Exploring artworks more slowly can help us to form more stories, feelings, and opinions, about the works.

The idea is to spend some quiet time with a painting. You don’t have to know about the history of the painting or the artist, you only need to look and enjoy it. You may want to do some research of your own afterwards, to find out more. The artwork might even inspire you to draw or paint something yourself, or to write a story or poem, or create anything at all, inspired by what you have seen.